A History of Europe
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A History of Europe
A podcast on European conflicts from the perspective of each side to provide an alternative to the traditional national narratives. Going chronologically from the Ancient Greeks onwards I described to some extent how each battle was won or lost by particular decisions, tactics, technology or fortune...
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79.1 Ottoman Empire, World War 1, Battle for Gaza
The Ottoman Empire in World War One - the fights for the Suez Canal, Gaza, Jerusalem and Arabia between the British and Turks
Picture: General A...
78.3 Polish-Soviet War - Conclusion
In 1920 the Polish and Soviet Russian armies clashed in a series of battles across a wide area of eastern Europe including Ukraine and Lithuania.
78.2 Polish-Soviet War - Part 2
The Polish Army make a pre-emptive strike against Soviet Russia. They invade the eastern borderlands, and take large amounts of territory, especially...
78.1 Polish-Soviet War 1919-1921 (Intro)
While Western Europe's borders were settled post World War One, fighting still raged elsewhere on the continent. The most significant was the Polish S...
77.4 Russian Civil War, Conclusion
The Bolsheviks face numerous opponents across Russia, and struggle to gain control of all lands of the old Tsarist Empire.
The White anti-Bolshe...
77.3 Russian Civil War Part 3
Civil War rages across Russia from the north in Murmansk, across the Trans-Siberian Railway to the Far East, as well as in Ukraine and the Caucasus. H...
77.2 Russian Civil War, Beginning
The new Bolshevik regime quickly gains control of most of former Russia Empire, but meets stiff resistance in the periphery including Finland, the Cau...
77.1 October Revolution 1917
- Introduction to the new series on the Interwar Years
- A recap of Russia's involvement in the First World War
- The February 1917 Revolu...
76.5 Battle of Lake Peipus 1242, Teutonic Knights vs Alexander Nevsky of Novgorod
The Battle of Lake Peipus or 'The Battle on the Ice' was fought on 5th April 1242 between a coalition of western crusaders led by the Teutonic Knights...
76.4 Novgorod, Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Nevksy appointed Prince of Novgorod, a Russian city with its own unique culture and proud history.
Lead up to Battle of Lake Peipus 12...
76.3 Conquest of Livonia 1185-1238
Livonia in the 12th century was threatened by invasion from all sides; Danes, Swedes, Germans, Poles and Russians. Key events in the episode;
12...
76.2 Teutonic Knights - Origins & First Campaigns
The Teutonic Order was set up in the Holy Land as a German equivalent of other military orders. The first campaigns in Europe were in response to invi...
76.1 The Baltic Sea, Early History and Wendish Crusade
The geography and early history of the Baltic Sea. Also the beginnings of the Northern Crusades against the Baltic pagans. The first major campaign is...
Announcement - The Interwar Years
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75.1 Interview with Stuart E Eizenstat
A special episode where I interview Stuart E Eizenstat - an American diplomat and attorney.
Mr Einzenstat worked on Jimmy Carter's 1976 preside...
74.19 Treaty of Versailles
The Paris Peace consisted of a group of distinct treaties, but the main concern of the delegates was the settlement with Germany, embodied in the Trea...
74.18 Endgame, 1918
In Spring 1918 a massive German offensive made significant territorial gains, but ultimately not the intended breakthrough, and the Allied forces stoo...
74.17 The Final Gamble, 1918
After the Russian withdrawal from the frontlines following the October revolution, the treaty of Brest-Litovsk is negotiated between Germany and Russ...
74.16 War of Attrition on the Western Front 1917
While the nations of Europe fought each other to a bitter stalemate, the President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, urged both sides to make peac...
74.15 The Russian Revolution 1917
As the year 1917 dawned, Europe had been at war for two and a half years, and pressures on the home fronts were becoming intolerable. Every participan...
74.14 Battles of Verdun and The Somme 1916
Europe entered the year 1916 exhausted by one and a half years of conflict of a scale hitherto unimaginable, with profound effects on citizens at home...
74.13 Eastern and Western Fronts 1915
For the Germans, 1915 was a year that should not have been. Their whole strategy had been based on a quick war, but they now found themselves embroile...
74.12 Turkey and Italy Enter the War, 1915
The first months of fighting in the First World War had seen no major breakthrough from any side. The Germans had captured about ten percent of France...
74.11 The Eastern Front 1914
The Russians strike hard against their most powerful enemy, Germany. Austro-Hungary help their German ally although their military forces are under-re...
74.10 The Western Front 1914
The first main clash of the First World War was on the borders of France and Germany and in Belgium. The Belgians put up more resistance than the Germ...
74.9 Europe Goes to War 1914
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne. A month later Austria retaliates by declaring war on Serbia, which in turn...
74.8 Countdown to Catastrophe (First World War)
Why did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand trigger the First World War?
I also describe how the long struggle between European powers...
74.7 The Balkan Wars 1912-13
An analogy often given to the Balkans leading up to the First World War is a tinderbox, awaiting a flame to ignite it and set off a major conflagratio...
74.6 Italian Invasion of Libya 1911-12
The Italian invasion of Libya 1911.
After initial successes, the Italians face strong resistance against the Ottomans and Libyans
www.patr...
74.5 Battle of Adowa 1896, Italian Invasion of Ethiopia
Following their countries independence in the mid 19th century, the Italians hoped to establish their status among the Great European Powers by acquir...
74.4 The Annexation of Bosnia 1908
In the first years of the 20th century the Austrian Empire faced numerous problems, most of all the rising sense of nationalism among its various peop...
74.3 The Red Sultan and the Young Turks Revolution
The Ottoman Empire is in disarray and its treasury bankrupt. Under Sultan Abdul Hamid, the Red Sultan, there are violent suppression of uprisings of t...
74.2 The Russo-Japanese War and Revolution of 1905
Tsar Alexander II of Russia is assassinated in March 1881. He was probably the most liberal of all tsars of Russia, but succeeded by reactionary leade...
74.1 First World War - Introduction, and Treaty Of Berlin 1878
A summary of the main events from the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 to the beginning of the First World War in 1914
At the end of the ninet...
73.3 Russo-Turkish War 1877-78
In April 1877, two Russian armies invaded the Ottoman empire. The focus of the war became the siege of Plevna in Bulgaria. The strong resistance there...
73.2 Russo-Turkish War 1877-78
In April 1876 news spread across Europe of appalling atrocities being committed in Bulgaria, by Turks against local uprisings. These occurred soon aft...
73.1 Russo-Turkish War 1877-78 - Background
In 1875, the Balkans entered a period of turmoil as various nationalities (Serbians, Bulgarians, Macedonians, Albanians and Romanians) struggled for i...
72.1 Philippa Gregory Interview
Philippa has written novels set in several different historical periods, especially the Tudor period. We discussed the period around the Glorious Revo...
71.2 Franco-Prussian War 1870-71
For centuries, Europe’s German centre had been politically fragmented and weak. The continent had been dominated by states on the periphery, whose int...
71.1 Franco-Prussian War 1870-71 - Background
Following Prussia's victory at Königgrätz in 1866, the North German Confederation became an instrument for Prussian dominance. All northern German sta...